Introduction Whitefly is a small insect that infests a diverse array of plants. More than 1,500 species of whitefly have been discovered worldwide. Whiteflies comprise the family Aleyrodidae. The nymphs…
Introduction Western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) is a significant defoliator of broadleaved trees and shrubs. It is one of the most frequently observed and widely variable tent caterpillars in North…
Introduction Leaf scorch is a physiological disorder of plants. It can affect most plants if the weather conditions are favorable. Extreme temperatures, heavy winds, periods of drought, and low soil…
Introduction Elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) is a significant nuisance of elm trees. It is a member of the family Chrysomelidae. Elm leaf beetle is indigenous to Europe. It was…
Introduction Black spot of rose is one of the most widespread plant diseases around the world. The disease is caused by the fungus Diplocarpon rosae. Black spot infections seldom kill…
Introduction Black rot of apple, also called frogeye leaf spot, is a fungal disease that infects the fruit, leaves, and bark of various hardwood trees, including apple, pear, and quince.…
Introduction Aphids, also known as plant lice, blackflies, or greenflies, and sometimes erroneously referred to as whiteflies, are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap and other liquids of…
Introduction Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) is a significant defoliator of various trees and shrubs. It is indigenous to North America. Outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar occur periodically, often at…
Introduction Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) is a species of moth that is native to North America. The insect was first observed in the United States in 1646. Eastern tent…
Introduction Pine needle scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae), also referred to as white scale, is a tiny armored insect that infests various species of pine. The insect is notable for the distinct…