Introduction Pine wilt disease is an affliction of pine caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The pine wood nematode is a microscopic parasite. It is transmitted to susceptible…

Introduction Pine needle rust is a fungal disease that affects many species of pine. The disease is caused by over twenty species of Coleosporium fungi. Coleosporium asterum is the most…

Introduction Brown spot needle blight is a fungal disease of pine trees. The disease is caused by the pathogen, Mycosphaerella dearnessii. The damage produced by brown spot needle blight resembles…

Introduction Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. It is caused by numerous fungi in the order Erysiphales, of which Podosphaera xanthii is the…

Introduction Nectria canker is one of the most serious diseases to afflict hardwood trees. The disease is caused by several species of Nectria. Nectria is a genus of Ascomycete fungi.…

Introduction Holly leaf spot, also referred to as holly tar spot, is a fungal disease that affects holly plants. Holly tar spot induces the formation of black spots on the…